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71.
72.
73.
Measurements on seven rigid PVC compounds were carried out with a slit rheometer working in combination with an injection moulding machine. Plastication of the compounds occurred in the screw of the plastication unit, which also forced the melt through the die with a controlled forward velocity. The rectangular slit had a length of 90 mm and a widthB of 20 mm. The heightH could be varied between 0.8 and 3.3 mm. Pressures and temperatures were recorded at several positions in and before the die. Measurements were carried out at shear rates from 10 to 2000 s–1.When the reduced volume output
was plotted against the wall shear stress
W
, only four compounds showed master curves independent ofH, which is indicative of wall adhesion. In the other cases this plot did not produce such a master curve, but the plot of the mean velocity
against
W
was independent ofH (slip curve). This indicated that slip flow prevailed with a slip velocityv
G
When, in the case of wall slip, the smooth inner surfaces of the die were replaced by surfaces with grooves perpendicular to the direction of flow, slip flow was prevented and the flow curves
were shifted to much higher values of
Wc
Above a critical value of the wall shear stress (
Wc
) at which slip flow began, the output became nearly independent of
W
. From the measurements made below
Wc
a vs.
relation for the shear flow could be derived, which was used to calculate the superimposed shear flow
. Exact values of the slip velocity were then given by
. Wall slip only occurred for compounds with a high shear viscosity, which corresponds to a high molecular weight (K-value).Dedicated to Professor H. Janeschitz-Kriegl on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 相似文献
74.
岩石试件端面摩擦效应数值模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试件端面摩擦效应直接影响试件内的塑性等效应变、侧向位移的分布和单元应力应变曲线。本文运用ANSYS中的接触单元模拟了平面应变状态下端面摩擦效应对塑性等效应变、侧向位移和单元应力应变曲线的影响,得到了不同摩擦系数时塑性等效应变及侧向位移的渐进变化形式。当接触面摩擦较小时,塑性等效应变图案为上下两个X形网络,侧向位移上下分布均匀;当接触面摩擦增大时,塑性等效应变网络向中部靠拢并且明显增大,侧向位移上下分布不均匀,中部较上下端面位移大;当试件端面侧向位移被限制,即摩擦力很大时,塑性等效应变网络变为一个X形局部化带,侧向位移分布更加不均匀,中部明显隆起。 相似文献
75.
Dimitre Hadjistamov 《Rheologica Acta》1996,35(4):364-368
The work describes a way to obtain loss modulus and storage modulus master curves from oscillatory measurements of silicone oils.The loss modulus master curve represents the dependence of the viscous flow behavior on ·
0
*
and the storage modulus master curve — the dependence of the elastic flow behavior on ·
0
*
.The relation between the values of the loss modulus and storage modulus master curves (at a certain frequency) is a measurement of the viscoelastic behavior of a system. The G/G-ratio depends on ·
0
*
which leads to a viscoelastic master curve. The viscoelastic master curve represents the relation between the elastic and viscous oscillatory flow behavior. 相似文献
76.
77.
Yang Wei 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》1987,3(4):344-353
Strain hardening, crack growth resistance and nonuniform load distribution have significant effects on the ductile tearing
process. A defect assessment procedure incorporating with the above features is proposed in the present paper, with the final
appearance of “design curves” to facilitate engineering applications. 相似文献
78.
Yan Ping Cao 《Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids》2005,53(1):33-48
In this paper, a closed-form expression of the size-dependent sharp indentation loading curve has been proposed based on dimensional analysis and the finite deformation Taylor-based nonlocal theory (TNT) of plasticity (Int. J. Plasticity 20 (2004) 831). The key issue is to link the results of FEM based on TNT plasticity with those obtained using conventional FEM by taking as the effective strain gradient, η, that presented in the work of Nix and Gao (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46 (1998) 411), thus avoiding large-scale finite element computations using strain gradient plasticity theories. Two experiments carried out on 316 stainless-steel and pure titanium have been used to verify the effectiveness of the present analytical model; the results demonstrate that the present analytical expression of the size-dependent indentation loading curve corresponds very well to the experimental indentation loading curve. The empirical constant, α, in the Taylor model estimated from the experimental data has the correct order of magnitude. Also, the results presented in this part can be further applied to establish an analytical framework to extract the plastic properties of metallic materials with sharp indentation on a small scale where the size effect caused by geometrically necessary dislocations is significant. This will be discussed in detail in the second part of the paper. 相似文献
79.
应用Hopkinson杆装置,对磁探针速度计进行了实验测定。发现对待测自由面速度阶跃,磁探针有两种类型稳定的输出信号,分别对应于不同的速度范围。对某个特定磁探针来说,其初始信号峰值与速度成正比的条件是速度大于某个阈值。实验还测定了间距大小对磁探针输出信号的影响,给出了磁探针对阶跃实验的响应波形。基于实验条件,本文探讨了磁探针原理、测量电路特性以及靶板涡流的穿透深度等理论问题,得到的结果可以定性解释磁探针的两种特征信号以及它们间的转化机理。本文工作表明,磁探针可以用来定量测量自由面速度的初始阶跃幅度,准确测定全时域的速度阶跃时刻,但不足以确定整个速度历史。为使这种传感器更加成熟,其结构和线路有待改进。 相似文献
80.
颗粒流离散元软件PFC2D在岩土工程中的应用十分广泛,存在的主要问题是如何标定其细观参数,目前大多使用"试凑法",此方法的缺点在于工作量大、效率低等,本文提出以反向传播算法(back propagation,BP)神经网络的方式代替此方法,利用PFC2D 内置的FISH 以及Python 语言对其进行二次开发,使之自动运行并获取40组宏细观参数样本。结果表明:BP神经网络可以快速准确地建立宏细观参数映射关系,误差均保持在0.01 以内,模拟得到的应力--应变曲线与室内试验曲线高度吻合,且无需大量的数据样本便可创建网络,效率较高;另外,经验证本文选用的平直节理模型,可以有效地解决平行粘结模型UCS/TS值偏小问题,确定平直节理模型可以更好地模拟岩石。 相似文献